Can Steradians Modify Our Understanding of Quantum Mechanics and the Special Theory of Relativity?

Since the birth of quantum mechanics, physicists debated whether the interior of atoms can be pictured in any meaningful way and if the composition of quantum particles can be revealed in a classical way. Planck in 1900 introduced the Planck constant with the dimension [Js]. Einstein in 1905 modified the Planck constant with the dimension [Js cycle-1]. Nicholson (1912), Bohr (1913), and Sommerfeld (1915) introduced the combination of the Planck constant with radians as h/2π [Js radian-1] and modelled the inner of the Rutherford atom. Heisenberg (1925), Dirac (1925), and Schrödinger (1926) were working with the Planck constant in their formulae as ih/2π [i Js radian-1]. The founding fathers of quantum mechanics did not all hold the same interpretative position expressed as: stop demanding a fully classical picture of microscopic events. Einstein (1905), de Broglie (1927), and Bohm (1952) made several attempts to interpret the events in the atom in a more intuitive way. In this paper we introduce the Planck action intensity h/4π with the dimension [Js steradian-1]. The motion of quantum particle in this model is guided by the directed Planck action intensity as it was anticipated by de Broglie (1927) and Bohm (1952) in their pilot-wave models. This dimension of the Planck constant enables to interpret the mysterious “spin” in a new way. We will propose models of free electron, proton, and photon. The mathematical formulation of the special theory of relativity (STR) by Einstein (1905) can be visualized as a particle guided by the Planck action intensity on the elastic helix which can be compressed and expanded, and be measured as the blue- or redshifts of those particles. The apparent mass increase of electron or proton is caused by the effective cross section of that moving circular electron or proton in the electromagnetic field (EM).

Keywords: Classical Instructions for Electrons, Protons and Photons, Pictures of Events with Electrons, Protons, and Photons, Planck Action Intensity [Js Steradian-1], A new Interpretation of the Special Theory of Relativity.